Useful Cooking Information

Cooking Measurement Subsitutions

If This is Called For	Use This Instead
1/4 cup apple cider vinegar	1/4 cup white vinegar
1 Tbsp balsamic vinegar	1 Tbsp sherry or cider vinegar
1 cup beer	1 cup non-alcoholic beer, beef broth, or apple cider
1/4 cup bread crumbs, dry	1/4 cup finely crushed cracker crumbs or corn flakes
1 cup brown sugar, packed	1 cup granulated sugar + 2 Tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup
1 cup corn syrup, light	1 cup granulated sugar + 1/4 cup water
1 cup corn syrup, dark	1 cup light corn syrup or 3/4 cup light corn syrup + 1/4 cup molasses or 1 cup maple-flavored syrup
1 Tbsp cornstarch	2 Tbsp all-purpose flour or 1 Tbsp potato or rice starch or 1 Tbsp arrowroot or 4 tsp. instant tapioca
1 cup cream, half and half	7/8 cup whole milk + 2 Tbsp melted unsalted butter
1 cup cream, heavy	2/3 cup whole milk + 1/3 cup melted unsalted butter creme fresh 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup whipping cream + 1 Tbsp buttermilk or yogurt or 1/2 cup whipping cream + 1/2 cup sour cream or 1 cup mascarpone cheese
1 cup currants	1 cup raisins or 1 cup chopped dates or 1 cup other dried fruit (cranberries, blueberries, cherries)
1 cup flour, all-purpose	1 cup + 2 Tbsp cake flour
1 cup flour, cake	1 cup minus 2 Tbsp all-purpose flour
1 cup flour, self rising	1 cup all-purpose flour + 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder + 1/2 tsp. salt
1 clove garlic, finely chopped	1/8 tsp. garlic powder or 1/4 tsp. instant minced garlic
1 Tbsp ginger root, grated	1 Tbsp candied ginger; rinsed and finely chopped or 1 1/2 tsp. dry ground ginger + 1/2 tsp. lemon juice
1 Tbsp herbs, fresh chopped (1 Tbsp)	1 tsp. of the same dry herb
1 cup honey	3/4 cup dark corn syrup + 1/2 cup granulated white sugar or 3/4 cup maple syrup + 1/2 cup granulated white sugar or 3/4 cup light molasses + 1/2 cup granulated white sugar or 1 1/4 cup sugar + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar + 1/4 cup liquid called for in recipe
1 Tbsp lemon juice	1 Tbsp bottled lemon juice, lime juice or white vinegar
1 tsp lemon zest	1 tsp. lime or orange zest or 1/2 tsp. lemon extract
1 Tbsp lime juice	1 Tbsp lemon or orange juice
1 tsp lime zest	1 tsp. lemon or orange zest
1 cup milk, nonfat	1/3 cup powdered milk + 3/4 cup water
1 cup milk, whole	1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water or 1 cup skim milk + 1 Tbsp melted butter
1 cup molasses	1 cup honey, dark corn syrup or maple syrup or 3/4 cup brown sugar heated to dissolve in 1/4 cup liquid
1 Tbsp mustard, yellow	1 tsp. ground mustard
1 cup oil	1 cup melted butter, margarine, or shortening depending on the recipe
1 cup orange juice	1 cup reconstituted frozen concentrate
1 tsp orange zest	1 tsp. lemon or lime zest or 1 tsp. finely chopped candied orange peel
1 tsp poultry seasoning	1/2 tsp. ground sage + 1/4 tsp. ground thyme + 1/4 tsp. ground rosemary
1 tsp pumpkin pie spice	1/2 tsp. cinnamon + 1/4 tsp. ginger + 1/8 tsp. nutmeg + 1/8 tsp. cloves
1 cup shortening	1 cup butter or margarine. Do not substitute oil for shortening
1 cup sour cream	1 cup plain yogurt
1 cup sugar, light brown	1/2 cup dark brown sugar + 1/2 cup white sugar
1 cup sugar, white	1 cup firmly packed brown sugar
1 cup tomato juice	1/2 cup tomato sauce + 1/2 cup water
1/2 cup tomato paste	1 cup tomato sauce cooked until reduced by 1/2
2 cup tomato sauce	3/4 cup tomato paste + 1 cup water
1 cup tomatoes, canned	1 1/3 cup fresh cut-up tomatoes; simmered 10 minutes
1 cup treacle	1 cup corn syrup (light or dark) or light molasses
1/4 cup white vinegar	1/4 cup apple cider vinegar or 1/3 cup lemon juice
1 cup wine, red	1 cup non-alcoholic wine, apple cider, beef broth, tomato juice or water
1 cup wine, white	1 cup non-alcoholic wine, white grape juice, apple juice, chicken broth or water
1 cup yogurt, plain	1 cup sour cream, butermilk, or creme fresh or 1 cup heavy whipping cream + 1 Tbsp lemon juice
1 Tbsp arrowroot	1 Tbsp cornstarch, potato starch, or rice starch or 2 Tbsp all-purpose flour
1 tsp baking powder	1/2 tsp. cream of tartar + 1/4 tsp. baking soda + 1/4 tsp. cornstarch
1/2 tsp baking soda	2 tsp. baking powder (must replace the acidic liquid in recipe with non-acidic liquid)
1 cup butter	7/8 cup vegetable oil
1 cup buttermilk	1 cup plain yogurt or 1 Tbsp white vinegar or lemon juice and enough milk to equal 1 cup; let stand for a few minutes
4 oz chocolate, unsweetened	12 Tbsp cocoa powder + 4 Tbsp butter
4 oz chocolate, semi-sweet	2 oz unsweetened chocolate + 4 Tbsp sugar
4 oz chocolate, sweet	1/4 cup cocoa powder + 1/3 cup sugar + 3 Tbsp shortening
chocolate chips	chop a bar of chocolate into small chunks
1/2 tsp cream of tartar	1/2 tsp. white vinegar or lemon juice
1 cup Milk	1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water or 1 cup reconstituted dry milk + 2 tsp margarine or butter
1 cup Buttermilk	1 tbs vinegar + 1 cup sweet milk, or 1/4 cup butter + 3/4 cup milk
1 1/2 tsp cornstarch	1 tbs all purpose flour
1 cup Honey	1 1/4c sugar + 1/4 cup water or other liquid

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Yields of Dried Beans and Peas

1 cup split peas	2 1/2 cups cooked peas
1 cup lentils	2 1/2 cups cooked lentils
1 cup black beans	2 cups cooked beans
1 cup blackeye beans	2 1/2 cups cooked beans
1 cup Great Northern beans	2 1/2 cups cooked beans
1 cup kidney beans	2 3/4 cups cooked beans
2 cup large lima beans	2 1/2 cups cooked beans
1 cup small lima beans	2 cups cooked beans
1 cup pea (or navy) beans	2 1/2 cups cooked beans
1 cup pinto beans	2 1/2 cups cooked beans

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Food Storage Limits at 70 degrees

Item	Storage	Notes
Baking Powder	18 mon.	Keep dry and tightly closed
Baking soda	2 years	Keep dry and tightly closed
Cereals, unopened	6 - 12 mon.	Refold package liner tightly after opening
Chocolate, semi-sweet	2 years	Keep cool and dry
Chocolate, unsweetened	18 mon.	Keep cool and dry
Cocoa mixes	8 mon.	Cover tightly
Chocolate syrup	2 years	Refr. after opening
Coffee, can	2 yrs	Refr. after opening
Coffee, instant	1 - 2 yrs	Keep cool and dry
Cornmeal	18 mon.	Keep dry and tightly closed
Cornstarch	6 - 8 mon.	Keep dry and tightly closed
Flour	6 - 8 mon.	Keep cool, air tight
Honey	12 mon.	Cover tightly. Refr.after opening to extend life
Molasses	12 mon.	Keep tightly closed
Marshmallows	2 - 3 mon.	Keep cool, air tight
Mayonnaise	2 - 3 mon.	Refr. after opening
Milk, condensed	12 mon.	Once opened, keep air tight
Milk, non-fat dry	6 mon.
Pasta	2 yrs.	Once opened, keep air tight
Salad dressing	10-12 mon.	Ref. after opening
Salad oils	6 mon.	Refr. after opening
Shortenings	8 mon	Refr. not needed
Sugar, brown	4 mon.	Keep cool, air tight
Sugar,confectioners	18 mon.	Keep cool, air tight
Sugar,granulated	2 yrs.	Keep dry and tightly closed
Vinegar	1 yr.
Biscuit, brownie, & muffin mix	9 mon	Keep cool and dry
Cake mix	9 mon	Keep cool and dry
Cake mix, angel food	1 yr	Keep cool and dry
Casserole mix	9 - 12 mon	Keep cool and dry
Cookies, packaged	2 mon	Keep dry and tightly closed
Crackers	8 mon	Keep dry and tightly closed
Frosting, canned	3 mon	Ref. leftovers
Frosting, mix	8 mon
Hot roll mix	18 mon	Keep cool, air tight
Pancake mix	6 - 9 mon	Keep cool, air tight
Pie crust mix	8 mon	Keep cool and dry
Potatoes, instant	6 - 12 mon	Keep cool and dry
Pudding mixes	12 mon	Keep cool and dry
Sauce and gravy mixes	6 - 12 mon	Keep cool and dry
Soup mixes	12 mon	Keep cool and dry
Canned foods	12 mon	Keep cool
Fruits, dried	6 mon	Keep cool, air tight
Canned fruit juices	9 mon	Keep cool, air tight
Vegetables, dried	1 yr	Keep cool, air tight
Catsup, chili sauce	12 mon
Mustard, prepared yellow	2 yrs	May be refrigerated
Spices and herbs	6 mon	Keep cool and dry
Vanilla, opened	2 yrs	Keep tightly closed
Other extracts, opened	1 yr	Keep tightly closed